Saturday, February 8, 2020
Research Papers of IEE - How to Do Research Papers of IEE
Research Papers of IEE - How to Do Research Papers of IEEIf you're looking for a guide on how to do research papers of IEE then this article will help you. I want to introduce you to this latest discipline known as education and its relation to science. What can be the relation between these two disciplines?This is because IEE is closely connected with educational development, because these are basically looking at how educational systems can be improved and upgraded. It is no wonder then that such advanced and technological based and software for school improvement are now available online. A lot of organizations are now working together to make sure that all kids in the world have an opportunity to learn. How?One of the important questions that many people ask is 'what is the relation between these two fields?'. That's because education nowadays is often a composite of two different but related fields. One is science and the other is education. It is due to the fact that we no long er need to focus on just one of these fields that we are able to create a more integrated approach to the education field.But don't you think it would be great if we could merge these two fields? You are not the only one who thinks so and today there are companies who are trying to make such improvements as far as the educational systems are concerned.One of the main difference between science and education is the concept of proof. For example when you ask a student in science about the Big Bang theory they will answer in a very simple way: 'there was a big bang, therefore there is a Big Bang'. When you ask an educational system about the evolution of life, they will probably try to explain it in a very confusing and abstract way.The aim of IEE research papers is to try to explain the principles behind the discoveries and hypotheses that these scholars are bringing. They are doing this not only for the benefit of the students, but also for the benefit of society.Of course, the best way to find a guide on how to do research papers of IEE is to look for one that is accredited by the IEE. The qualifications that you need here are usually ones that are related to science and mathematics. So the best place to start is the IEE website.
Thursday, February 6, 2020
What Font for College Essay Tips
What Font for College Essay Tips Be certain to refer to the APA style guide to make certain that you stick to all the formatting rules. It's simpler for you to do so by pressing the tab button whenever you wish to begin a paragraph. When formatting an essay, the header is a rather important part, and you need to get it right. A good example of a header on a sample coursework is provided below. Times New Roman is almost always a safe option. The format of a cover page (also referred to as the title page) will vary based on the style guide being used. Don't attempt to use a bigger font to write less! Begin your reference list at the conclusion of your paper on a distinct page. Irrespective of how you are going to wind up submitting your essay, you should draft it into a word processor. If you neglect to adhere to the easy MLA (Modern Language Association) instructions on the best way to format your essays, the examiners will believe you don't even have the ability to follow simple instructions properly. Formatting a College EssayAPA Style LESSON You will probably be requested to compose numerous essaysA short bit of writing that focuses on a minumum of one primary idea. Within this lesson, you are going to learn how to correctly format a college essay utilizing APA style. The introductory paragraph should have a thesis statement that offers a synopsis of what is going to be discussed while the previous paragraph needs to be dedicated to a conclusion and reiterating the key point. If any portion of the content doesn't stay on target, it must be adjusted or removed. A college essay is a significant part of a college application and a chance for students to demonstrate an admission committee what makes them a very good candidate. It is a very important part of the application process. Whenever you opt to ask us for skilled guidance, don't hesitate to speak to our support managers. If you cannot obtain all the necessary information on a source, provide as much information as possible to be able to allow readers to locate your source. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. If you like it is possible to look online and find one which you like. What Everybody Dislikes About What Font for College Essay and Why If you fret about the characteristic of your essay as well as you're worrying about whether you can discover a paper writer you are able to trust, you have arrived at the correct location. Basically, you do not just add volume to your paper but in addition credibility. Browsing our essay writing samples can provide you a good idea whether the standard of our essays is the quality you're looking for. All the materials that aren't original to you must be suitably referenced. The MLA rule book claims that the paragraphs should begin by leaving a half-inch space at the start. Our writers also undergo a string of other training that coul d truly convince us they are fantastic for the job. Reviews are necessary for an inexperienced reader to compose their minds about the things that they're not yet acquainted with. They'll motivate you to compose your hearts out that will force you to attain your life objectives. The Most Popular What Font for College Essay Generally, however, an excess evidence is not ever a bad thing for an essay. As a student, you know there are various types of essays that you might have to write. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Needless to say, it's still your essay, and other people's comments ought to be taken critically, but they could still act as a valid source of inspiration on the best way to earn essay longer. So, in this kind of essay, you can just describe dry facts. One of the absolute most troublesome things in writing essays is thinking up a fantastic title. Your essay pages have to be numbered. Keep your sentences short and easy. Using What Font for College Essay Searching for the ideal essay templates will be able to help you start up your writing endeavor. If you believe it is likely to make your review seem biased, you're incorrect. For college applications, you can want to have a 10-step course on college application essay writing to learn more. In addition, a comprehensive research can help you make certain that all the info in your essay is both relevant and updated. Essay writing isn't only among the most enduring academic assignments students have been doing for decades, but in addition an indispensable portion of learning. The module or essay level might also be needed. You need to have a plan, an established structure, once you are writing an essay. APA style is most frequently utilized in the social sciences. The Most Popular What Font for College Essay This technique is precisely what we're likely to look at just to make sure that anytime you're expected to compose any essay, you do it the correct way. How you present your principal idea is dependent upon the subject you opt for. You speak about your points in a more sophisticated fashion and give more evidence to create your argument well-substantiated. Explain the vehicle connection better. Various things to various folks, since the situation demanded. Otherwise, it could be perceived your child is attempting to take a shortcut. Ideally, your son or daughter should enlist the support of somebody else, like a trusted teacher, friend, or parent (like you!) So, don't be afraid to offer your help, but, if he or she says no, remember that that's okay.
Wednesday, February 5, 2020
Possible Warning Signs on Good Research Topics for General Biology Paper You Need to Know
Possible Warning Signs on Good Research Topics for General Biology Paper You Need to Know With over one million of species identified it is among the most fascinating subdivisions of biology. Biology is a significant science that interests many folks. Take a look at the biology behind it. It's likewise not so easy to pick an intriguing topic in biology. It is not going to be easy to write anything you just don't care about, and it'll be more painful writing a research paper about that. Brainstorming biology paper ideas is among the main stages in this sort of writing. It's not challenging to become high grades in your Biology term paper if you know the fundamentals and you're not fearful of making just a little effort. Research papers are trying, but in addition they have the capability to be somewhat rewarding. You could also choose to evaluate either side of the argument. For example, you could tackle any present issue in psychology like equality in mental wellness. Researching any issue about government or laws may get overwhelming because of the intricacy of the issues and even due to the wording of some laws. The idea of domination in little groups of apes. The New Fuss About Good Research Topics for General Biology Paper Therefore, if you feel slightly fuzzy about some topic, pick another one before you start writing. Detecting a topic for your study can be hard, but there are lots of great approaches to develop intriguing ideas. If you're allowed to freely choose what things to write by yourself, utilize the chance to make something unique. Get somebody else to read it over. Finding the Best Good Research Topics for General Biology Paper What follows is an extensive collection of the most intriguing research topics to have you started. To settle on a topic from general psychology, you should decide on any topic you want and then begin narrowing it down. In case the topic is too narrow, you might find it difficult to discover the a ppropriate literature. If it is too locally confined, it will be hard to research. The Pain of Good Research Topics for General Biology Paper You can concentrate on the effects of the next topics on the nature and development of a kid, adult or elderly. Development psychology is centered on the lifespan of human beings, so you've got quite a few topics to pick from. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research online, it's far better to choose what interests you the most. The aim of research paper in this subject is to cover current public problems, reveal important aspects of various difficulties, and, if at all possible, offer optimal solutions. Characteristics of Good Research Topics for General Biology Paper Now whenever you have a list of potential topics, and you've picked your favorite one, it's time to work out the structure of it. The unusual symbol will allow it to be simple for you to discover the specific location again. Keep on reading to discover numerous topics that you are able to consider. The ethimological part of multiplication. A research paper ought to be precise and based just on proven facts. As soon as you have that narrowed down, you can concentrate your research and compose a remarkable paper. From time to time, decent research paper topics are just the easiest ones. Without a proper content, they will not make sense. Specifically, it is all about the rules of citation, for instance, an APA research paper format. Know how your essay is going to be evaluated. These steps and tips will allow you to choose decent research paper topics. There are several high school research paper topics to select from, but one essential portion of submitting an excellent paper is the fashion you approach those topics. Good Research Topics for General Biology Paper and Good Research Topics for General Biology Paper - The Perfect Combination Without a doubt, it would be easier that you learn more about the topic that's connected to the area of your interest. For some students, a choice of topic is the easiest part. Even whenever your topic comes up as narrow, it is going to not be possible to write about if there aren't any readily available materials on it. A narrow topic provides you with everything you'll need to write.
Thursday, January 30, 2020
Delima Case Aummary Essay Example for Free
Delima Case Aummary Essay Delima Enterprise was founded in 1981 by Encik Zayed. It conducted trading and supplying related products including manpower supplies to the oil and gas industries. In 2004, the enterprise was incorporated as Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. Encik Zayed as the Managing Director and his wife Puan Hashimah as the Chief Operating Officer managed the company. The other personnel were Puan Balqis as the Operation Manager and Encik Salam as the Human Resource and Administration Manager. Both of them were family members of Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah with only secondary school background and likewise Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah. As the company was incorporated as Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. the company expand their business operation into provision of engineering services. Their mission was to become a leading service contractor and provide quality and excellent services. In May 2006, the company had employed Cik Amy as Finance Executive. She was responsible for maintenance of the accounting and financial matters, including the preparation of accounts. Subsequently, in May 2006, the company had secured a contract worth RM 750,000 to be implemented a duration of six months. However, due to shortage of funds, the company had submitted applications to Maybank and CIMB Bank Berhad for banking facilities totaling RM 1 million. The banks required the companyââ¬â¢s Audited Financial Statements for the last two years. This was when Encik Zayed realized that the company had never been audited. Therefore, his friend had introduced an audit firm and shortly after, Aziz Co. was engaged to perform audit and to be completed as earliest as possible to meet the bankââ¬â¢s requirement.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
American Citizenship and Immigration Essay -- Immigration Citizenship
Today the Society is split into three separately minded groups. In no specific ordering, the first is determined to believe that any one person born in the United States is a citizen and which means their parents should become citizens along with them. These are the ones whom obtain ââ¬Å"birthright citizenshipâ⬠(Raul). The second are firm believers in the only ones that should be citizens are the ones who go through the proper process of becoming a citizen and according to the article in ââ¬Å"USA today,â⬠it states that illegal immigrants are ââ¬Å"having babies as a way to obtain citizenship,â⬠which too many Americans ââ¬Å"cheapens the whole idea of being Americanâ⬠. The last group is the ââ¬Å"otherâ⬠the ones whom are completely neutral or believe in the beliefs of the first or second group but not down to the word. Possible if they believe the child should get birthrights but not the parents, only the child and mother should get them, or if the y believe that they should get them but still have to work through the proper process to receive them to their full extent. The effects that ââ¬Å"anchor babiesâ⬠have on society are characterized by how it has changed, how it is misinterpreted, what it takes away from the citizens today, how the supreme court is responding to the effect, and how we as United State citizens can change the outcome of the effect. ââ¬Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United Statesâ⬠is part of section one of ââ¬Å"the 14th Amendmentâ⬠(Walpin). The amendment was adopted in the United States in eighteen sixty-eight. When this was first adopted, according to the fourteenth amendment website, it was done so during ââ¬Å"Post-Civil War reforms focused on injustices to Africa... ..."The Debate Over 'Anchor Babies' And Citizenship." Talk of the Nation (NPR) (n.d.): Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . Raul, Reyes. "Not very American: 'Illegal by birth'." USA Today n.d.: Middle Search Plus. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . Walpin, Gerald. SPECIAL TO THE WASHINTON TIMES. ââ¬Å"14th Amendment neer meant for illegals.â⬠Washington Times, The (DC) (2010): 1. Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web 10 Nov. 2010. THE WASHINGTON, TIMES. "Anchor babies away." Washington Times, The (DC) (2010): 2. Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=4KB5201008160421 04610016&site=src-live&scope=site.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Concept of examination malpractice Essay
Examination malpractice has been defined variously by many authors; some ten (10) definitions/views are presented here: (i) Chukwuemeka (1982) referred to examination malpractice as violation of examination rules and regulations by candidates. (ii) Aliyu (1996) looked at examination malpractice as any irregular behaviour related to the examination exhibited by candidates or any body charged with the conduct of examination in or outside the examination hall before, during and after the examination. (iii) Argungu (1997) defined examination malpractice as any irregularity which is premeditated and perpetrated by candidates or their agents with the intention of gaining undue advantage over others in an examination. (iv) Jega (2006) saw examination malpractice as any form of misbehaviour that leads to the alteration of or a tempering with the prescribed ways of conducting examination in any given system. (v) Examination Malpractice is a punishable offence which is committed during the process of normal and recognized examination (Saye, 2003 in Jega 2006). (vi) Olagungu; (1994) in Jega (2006), defined examination malpractice as the absence of the adherence to the rules and regulations guiding the conduct of examination. (vii) Any wrong doing, misconduct, dishonesty or improper practice for personal gains, or violation of set rules of conduct during examinations. (Jegede, 1996 in Jega, 2006). (viii) Any act of omission or commission which compromises the validity, reliability and integrity of any assessment or evaluation system (i.e. the violation of, or disregard for examination ethics (Obo, 2008). (ix) Obot (1997) defined examination malpractice as wrong (illegal/immoral) doing in terms of acts of commission or omission during the construction, custodianship, administration, marking and release of results of examination before, during or after such examinations. (x) Joshua (2008) synthesized many definitions of examination malpractice by defining the concept as any unauthorized or unapproved action, inaction, activity, behaviour or practice that is associated with the preparation, conduct and processing of examination and other forms of assessment, and carried out by any personà involved in preparing for, giving, taking and processing that examination at any level (p. I). From these various definitions presented, and many other ones in the literature, examination malpractice is noted as fraud within the school system, and does occur at all levels of education, right from nursery/primary, through secondary to tertiary levels of education in Nigeria. Infact, examination malpractice is a peculiar ââ¬Ëcorrupt practiceââ¬â¢ within the educational system. This practice is thriving strongly in our system, irrespective of religious affiliations of the various stakeholders in the school system, thus making it a real ââ¬Å"monsterâ⬠. This concept is a real monster because the culture of hard work, academic excellence, honesty, decency are fast eroding the present generation of youths in different institutions of learning. This Monster, Examination Malpractice, tends to weaken the validity of any examination, and to make examination results worthless and unreliable. Actually Examination Malpractice produces ââ¬Å"error scoresâ⬠in examinations, where students earn marks/scores above/below their abilities, and the long terms effect is wrong placement in schools and employment of unskilled workers into various sectors of the economy. USE OF THEORY OF MEASUREMENT ERROR TO EXPLAIN THE MENACE OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE The harm perpetuated by EM can be properly understood using a popular Educational Measurement Equation, which is: X = T + E Where X = observed score (one given by examiner to any student in a given examination as representing the studentââ¬â¢s ability) T = True score (one representing the actual or true ability of the student devoid of all mistakes/errors). E = Error score (one representing the errors/mistakes purposely or inadvertently introduced into the measurement process to either inflate or deplete the studentsââ¬â¢ score in a given examination) It is to be noted that the undeserved or strange score brought about by examination malpractice is embedded in error score (E). A cursory look at the equation shows that: i) The difference between X and T is the Error Score (E); ii) It is our noble desire that as much as possible, X is close to, if not equal to, T; iii) The smaller the value of E, the closer is X toà T (in fact, if E is zero, X = T). Conversely, the bigger the value of E (courtesy of EM), the farther is X from T. iv) If E is very large, T diminishes, and X approaches E. This implies that the higher the value of error score occasioned by examination malpractice, the more the school and public examination scores deviate or diminish from true abilities of those who make or own those scores. Those scores essentially but embarrassingly represent/reflect errors and intangibles, and everything else apart from the actual/true abilities of their owners. Little wonder then that some owners of high scores in our school/public examinations can hardly perform or exhibit behaviours that are consistent with the high scores; and how some school graduates can hardly perform to the expectation of the society/employers. That is the harm by EM. Implications of Examination Malpractices on Nigerian Youths This unfortunate development in our educational system represents a high sophistication to which examination malpractices had risen in recent times. Sadly too, some parents have been found to encourage the perpetuation of this ugly act by their children/wards either directly or indirectly. Not only has this contributed to the diminishing standard of our education, but it has also helped to cast aspersion on individual candidatesââ¬â¢ certificates, which many often claimed, have not always been a true reflection of their academic standing. Due to this weak background, it is not surprising therefore that many candidates who secured admission into higher institutions with such results have been much of a disappointment. They simply could not leave up to their billings in all ramifications. Attendant frustration often result in sundry other malpractices in examinations to such an extent that they are sooner or later certified as academically unfit and marked for withdrawal on academic ground. Desperate ones among them would want to do all things possible to hang on. This often take them to all kinds of anti-social vices, prominent among which is cultism. The individual, which is the bedrock of the society, is by this token, being malformed and deformed for the future. There is no doubt therefore, that all kinds of examination malpractices stand condemnable by all the stakeholders in the education sector. This is for the simple fact that to compromise academic standards is one sure way to mortgage, if not theà present, certainly the future of a people. Our today, and whatever it stands for, represents the foundations of our tomorrow. Prevalence of examination malpractices, especially the mercenary syndrome, indicates the weak foundations upon which we are to build our tomorrow therefore. Yet, our credible and lasting tomorrow is already being endangered with this ever-increasing wave of academic frauds and immoral dispositions (Issa, 2003). Although many of such students end up with brilliant results, especially at external examinations, they often find it difficult to live up to those results after securing admission into institutions of higher learning. Their apparent inability to cope well in their studies, quite often, leads to frustration thereby encouraging their environment into cultism and other related social vices. The bulk of them end up badly in their academic pursuits while the remaining few who would have crookedly sailed through to the end become social misfits. For one, they are hardly good at their jobs even as the anti-social tendencies remain with them throughout life. Yet, human resources have been considered the most vital of all resources needed for both individual and societal developments. Incidentally, the education system represents the most veritable instrument with which human resources could be created and developed. It therefore goes without saying that the individual and societyââ¬â¢s success in ensuring the laying of a good foundation for our tomorrow lies in our ability to rise above the challenges posed by this trend in examination malpractices and cultism. The Way Forward Hope is not lost yet once we are alive to the rescue mission. With respect to cultism, one cannot but agree with Odili (2004) on his 7-point agenda for a way forward, which are: 1 Moral Upbringing of Children. 2 Public Enlightenment Advocacy by the Media. 3 Re-orientation in our Tertiary Institutions and Better Funding. 4 Integrity Watch for Business, Community and Political Leaders. 5 Anti-cult Law 6 Law Enforcement 7 Job Creation and Good Governance Beyond enforcing the relevant laws on campuses, the government should step out to improved the university environment, which tends to be a fertile ground for breeding cultists. Given the uncongenial condition of the universities, bereft of teaching and learning materials, teachersââ¬â¢ incessant strikes, examination malpractices and school shut downs, students have found cult activities quite appealing. Their utmost goals of vain glory and supremacy are cheaply attainable through enlistment in cults. If universities are meant to impart knowledge and mould character, while their degrees and diplomas are awarded only to people found worthy in leaning and character, then any student identified as a cultist, murderer, or robber should be punished accordingly. They must not be allowed to remain hit-squads and agent of destruction of lives and property. Only the full weight of the law can warn them that cultism is evil, and pays no dividends. As for the case of examination malpractices, there would be the need to change our orientation and value system, which seemed to emphasize the erroneous at all cost and by all means belief, which are not only negative but also counter-productive. It is high time we begin to have a sound realization of the fact that it is not only by having a degree that one can succeed or excel in life. It is much more beyond that, because there are still a score of people who, in spite of not having a degree, actually succeeded and excelled in their chosen careers. The point must also be made that it is far better to be a self-reliant, successful artisan than an unemployed, jobless and street-roaming degree holder. If we succeed in this orientation bid, hopes are that majority of those that would remain will be those who interested in pursuing serious active studies would match the requirement and demands of a standard educational system. Finally, students must be made to understand and appreciate hard work, dedication and commitment to studies. This is where the teachers and the entire school authority need to be highly responsible and responsive. Students must be treated and dealt so as to encourage others to even better performance thereby looking up to them as source of inspirations. At that point in time, when the majority would have come to appreciate hard work, examination malpractices in general, the mercenary syndrome as well as cultism, would have been relegated to the status of an abnormality, as against the prestigious status they currently enjoy. REFERENCES Aje S.A. (2001) Problems of Cultism in Nigerian School, Ilorin. Afri ââ¬â Focus Investment Daily Champion, Nigeria (2004) ââ¬Å"Alarming Rise in Cultismâ⬠. An Editorial Opinion in Daily Champion, Nigeria. August 30th (Available at: http://championnewspapers.com/) Edeki, E. (2004) ââ¬Å"Personal View: Curbing Cultism in our Educational Systemâ⬠. Vanguard on line Edition January 05. (Available at: http:www.Vanguardonline.com/) Fafunwa A.B. (1974) History of Education in Nigeria London: George Allen. P. 20. The Guardian Newspaper (2005) ââ¬Å"Editorial on the Upsurge in Cultist Activitiesâ⬠March 16 (Available at: http://www/.guardiansnewspapernigeria.com/) Issa, A.O. (2003) ââ¬ËExamination Mercenary Syndrome and the Future of Nigerian Educational Systemââ¬â¢. A Speech Delivered at the First Book Fair ââ¬Å"FEDPOFFA 2003â⬠. Organized by FEDPOFFA Consult (1981) Federal Ministry of Education: Lagos. Rev.ed. P.45.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
What Is a Goat Song in Greek Tragedy
Classicists have long suggested that tragedy isà derived from the Greek, composed of two wordsââ¬âtragos, or goat, and oidos, or song.à à So did some bovidae sing so much that they motivated the Athenians to create depressing tales about mythic heroes? How did goats relate to one of the greatest contributions the Greeks made to the world? Did tragedians just wear goatskin shoes?à Goat Songs There are many theories as to why tragedy was associated with goats. Perhaps this was originally in reference to ââ¬Å"satyr plays,â⬠satirical skits in which actors were dressed as satyrs, goat-likeà people who were companions of Dionysus, god of wine, merriment, and theater. Whether the satyrs were part-goat or part-horse has been a subject of long debate, but satyrs were definitely tied to goats through their association with Dionysus and Pan.à So then ââ¬Å"goat-songsâ⬠would be the most appropriate way to honor the gods the goatish satyrs hung out with. Interestingly, satyr plays always accompanied a trilogy of tragedies when performed at the Athenian theater fest, the Dionysia, and are indelibly linked to tragedy, as we shall see. Tragedy was performed in honor of Dionysus, with whom the satyrs associated. Asà Diodorus Siculus notes in his Library of History, ââ¬Å"Satyrs also, it is reported, were carried about by him in his company and afforded the god great delight and pleasure in connection with their dancings and their goat-songs.â⬠He adds that Dionysus ââ¬Å"introduced places where the spectators could witness the shows and organized musical concert.â⬠Interestingly, tragedy developed out of two Dionysiac traditions: the satyric dramaââ¬âprobably an ancestor of the satyr playââ¬âand the dithyramb. Aristotle claims in his Poetics: ââ¬Å"Being a development of the Satyr play, it was quite late before tragedy rose from short plots and comic diction to its full dignityâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ One Greek term for satyr play was a play on tragedy: tragedy at play. Aristotle adds that tragedy ââ¬Å"came from the prelude to the dithyramb,â⬠a choral hymn to Dionysus. Eventually, from odes to Dionysus, the performances evolved to stories that werenââ¬â¢t related to the god of merriment; Dionysiac stories remained in the performing arts, however, through the creation of the satyr play, as opposed to the satyric drama (i.e., tragedy). Song for the Prize Goat Other scholars, including the late, great Walter Burkert in his Greek Tragedy and Sacrificial Ritual,à have opined that tragoidia meant ââ¬Å"song for the prize goat. That meant the winner of a choral contest would take home a goat as first prize.à Ancient evidence supports this theory; in his Ars Poetica,à the Roman poet Horace mentions ââ¬Å"the man who once competed for a lowly he-goat/With tragic verse, soon stripped the wildà Satyrs/And tried coarse jests without loss of seriousness.â⬠à It has been suggested tragedy was derived fromà tragodoi, or ââ¬Å"goat singers,â⬠instead ofà tragoidia, or ââ¬Å"goat song. That would make sense if a chorus of singersà receivedà a goatà for a winning play. Why goats?à Goats wouldââ¬â¢ve been a good prize since they were sacrificed to Dionysus and other gods.à Perhaps the victors would even get a piece of the sacrificial goat meat. Youââ¬â¢d be dining like a god. The chorusââ¬â¢s association with goats mightââ¬â¢ve gone even further, since they may have dressed up in goatskins, like satyrs.à In that case, what more fitting prize than a goat? Goats and Primal Instincts Perhaps the ancient Greeks understood tragoidia in a more nuanced sense. As classicist Gregory A. Staley theorizes in Seneca and the Idea of Tragedy,à ââ¬Å"[T]ragedy acknowledge[d] that as humans we are like satyrs [â⬠¦] tragic plays explore our animal natures, our ââ¬Ëfilthiness,ââ¬â¢ as one medieval commentator called it, our violence and depravity.â⬠By calling this genre a ââ¬Å"goat song,â⬠then tragedy is truly the song of humanity in its most debased state. One medieval scholar gave a creative explanation for the goatish dilemma. Like a goat, tragedy looked good from the front, he says,à but it was disgusting behind. Writing and attending a tragic play might seem cathartic and noble, but it deals with the most primal of emotions.
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