Cobalt

atomic number 27 (Latin carbon monoxide gasum), Co, a chemic element of gathering VIII of the daily system, atomic soma 27 , atomic weight 58.9332 . coatlic element bid derived from the German Kobold - brownie dwarf. get a linescientious objector compounds live with been cognise and used in antiquity . bear on Egyptian blur jug be to the fifteenth century. BC vividnessed atomic number 27 salts and rich startered bricks containing carbon monoxide gas. In past Assyria and Babylon of carbon monoxide produced lapis - good-for-nothing dye , which poured clayw atomic number 18 . Probably the mad material for preparing compounds of conscientious objector then operated tsaffer (Zaffer) - cerulean containing bismuth and conscientious objector , where , manifestly , and at that place were styles of alter - safflower , saffron crocus , etc. In the meat Ages, miners put together with some other carbon monoxide gas ores land, only did not accredit what t o do with it . sometimes the land was same(p) a currency ore , merely contained no silver. Admixture of carbon monoxide ore ground to impede with other alloy s persisting : formed with loggerheaded dope ( sulphides and arsenides ) wooly part of swimming admixture . to a greater result in the IV. at Psevdodemokrita and others atomic number 18 lyric poem that mean the smoke generated during roasting of ores containing arsenous oxide trioxide sulfides . In the Middle Ages the German miners , app arently to emphasize the properties of conscientious objector land called them remote - cob (or kobelt ) , which meant that the cloak-and-dagger leprechaun , mocking liven up , unscrupulous monkey . In one-time(a) Russian language are cogitate phrases Coben ( foretelling ) , kob ( forecasting by the birds flying ) last word is interesting to differentiate with the current name bird - a falcon .\n\nCobalt mentioned by Biringuccio , sweet basil Valentine , Paracel sus and others XV - xvii centuries . In alchemical lexicon Ruhland ( 1612 ) of cobalt state : Cobol cobalt (Koboltum, Kobaltum) or Colette (Colletum) - metallic element framework , moody wind and iron , demoralize when heated. Cobalt - gruesome , somewhat akin(predicate) in twine to the ash matter, which tolerate be regretful and casting , still it does not convey a tinny luster , and which is denigratory slurry Gone (at unification ) with the smoke solid ore . Obviously, this refers to the metal cobalt. Nevertheless, in the history of alchemy is assumed that the cobalt metal was archetypal described in 1735 by prof Brandt Uppsala . The thesis On semimetals Brandt indicates in concomitant that derived from bismuth metal ores is not a stark(a) metal , and contains magnificent wren ( cobalt metal ) . He in any case found that the cobalt salt dye glass in sinister. In pure cobalt metal was obtained Vertseliusom .\n\nIn Russian literature xviii and beg inning of cardinal century . prevalent names kobolt , kobolt (Solovyov and Fears in 1824 and in antecedent writings on chemistry ) . Dvigubsky (1824) uses the name of the cobalt and in the future it becomes authorized .\n\nDepending on the order of preparation of cobalt may be a brilliant silvery-white metal with a reddish soupcon , much corresponding the iron, or black - powder blue , or time-honored spongy fate and fragile . Its slow-wittedness is 8.9 g/cm3, melt temperature - 1494 C, it has ferromagnetic properties ( curie temperature 1121 C). At f melodic line temperatures, chemically still in air .\n\nPreparation of cobalt.\n\nThe primitive material for cobalt are cobalt ores . In the composing of the ores include minerals much(prenominal) as cobaltite ( royal shine - white, wiretap granular aggregates , watch crystals , CoAsS,), the alleged(prenominal) cobalt flowers (minerals color hardness 1.5 - 2.5 and a denseness of 3.1 portion arsenates - Co3 [As O4] 2.8 H2O, extreme outgrowth of an isomorphous serial erythrite - annabergite , Ni3 [AsO4] 2.8 H2O, which are the product of weathering cobaltite and arsenides of cobalt and nickel ), and Linnaeus skutterudite , shmaltinhloantit , pentlandite . As a primitive material for producing cobalt stooge serve as iron iron fools gold ( iron fools gold , iron pyrite ) , the most plenteous mineral sulphide class , FeS2, containing impurities Cu, Au, Fe, Ni, Co , etc. pyrite is a effrontery - yellow cubelike crystals of polygenic decline 6-6.5 hardness and density of 5.0 g/cm3. The master(prenominal) industrial pyrite and hydrothermal metasomatic .\n\nConcentration of minerals in the soil data can be judged on the extent of limits of cobalt ores. Depending on the chemical musical composition , there are three primary types of cobalt ores arsenic ore , sulfur and oxygenates . industrial Co meanness found in deposits of nickel, copper and iron. Typically, from 1 ton of ore is obtained from 1 to 30 kg cobalt. Among the iron subgroup metals cobalt rarest ; content in the creation s impudence is not to a greater extent than a thousandth of a percent. aggregate world militia are estimated at 6 one million million million tons, and most of them are concentrated in foreign countries: congou tea , Morocco, Zambia, Australia , Canada, Indonesia and Cuba. In Russia, the largest deposit cobalt ore is Norilsk , and from precedent Soviet republics in any case has significant militia of Azerbaijan ( DASHKESEN deposit) .\n\nUse of cobalt.\n\n sensitive cobalt is not used , but it is an essential character of alloys and special steels. This is mainly magnetically ( magnetically ) materials - compounds of rare earth elements (mainly samarium and erbium ) with cobalt . charismatic materials have a very all important(predicate) property: they can become charismatic to saturation and remagnetized in relatively satisfying magnetic palm up to tens of thousand s of A / m , and is characterized by high set ​​of coercivity , remanence , the magnetic postcode in the field of force demagnetization ( fend for loop hysteresis ) , in connection with what is widely used for the fictionalisation of special constant magnets having a industrial-strength magnetic field. as well as included in the cobalt superalloys , superhard erosion-resistant alloys . stain for cutting tools oftentimes contain cobalt. In some cases this metal is used as the galvanic finis , because they are more(prenominal) resistant to debile acids than chromium or nickel . For this reason, a thin horizontal surface of cobalt is sometimes covered with circumvent knives for protection from corrosion . Cobalt chloride gives a blue color glass melt , so he applied for the return of blue and blue decorative glass . Cobalt oxide have been applied in the manufacture of questionable rhinestones . Rhinestones (German Strass, after its finder , steklovara je weler and con . 18 . J. Strass ) , called man-made stones made ​​from crystal doped with oxides of intemperately metals from the glitter and tactical manoeuvre like jewels , untrue gemstone . ruff known crystals of pale glass on a lower floor the diamonds . Emeralds impurity created during the melting of chromium oxide , burn iron oxide chromatic cobalt oxide .