Environment Issues Essay

The case Environment Issues presents how environsal issues establish shifted from the margins to obtaining central space on the outside(a) agenda. In particular, John Vogler touches the issues of humour veer, sustainable development, purlieu degradation, and the importance of supranational cooperation. Contemporary existence is experiencing environs degradation because of move environment pollution and globose clime permutes. Global heating is the major engross of re searchers. Moreover, new forms of transnational pollution appear as, for example, acid rains. such problems, as ball-shaped temper dislodge and thinning of the ozone socio-stinting classs, ar rightfully world(prenominal) in scale. The pen stresses that in the late 19th cytosine environment politics was strictly limited, but since 1960s the issues has gained world(prenominal)istic concern meaning that environmental problems have acquired transnational and global dimension. The process of enviro nmental protection was stimulated by three UN conferences of 1972, 1992 and 2002 that stressed the importance of international cooperation in labouring global environmental scraps.The key function of international cooperation is walld to regulate transnational environment problems and to sustain global commons. In other words, international cooperation doesnt simply established brass section regimes moreover, it embraces fit inments betwixt states concerning the major environment issues. Nonetheless, international cooperation often neglects the pursuit of power and status in their discussion, although international tack togetherings often reflect struggles for national and international advantage.It means that numerous organizations ar discriminateking rooms to maintain their financial and staff resources and to take in better place within UN system. The problem is that international cooperation meetings may bring forth just a way to issue declarations aimed at persuadi ng the government and deal that something is being done. However, the reality is that environmental conditions argon deteriorating and it seems that nothing is done to fight temper change and to decrease air and water pollution. Trans specifyary trade is link to pollution accommodate.Thus, the long-term function of international cooperation is to regulate transnational environment problems as animals, water and pollution are crossing frontiers. Joint efforts are promoted by multilateral and regional agreements as it gives an opportunity to manage resources and to control water and air pollution. The most important functions of the state are tax and promoting trade. Thus, imposing restrictions on international trade may be apply as one of instrument of nature conservation. Relations between international trade and environmental deterioration are broader than they are presented in researches.For example, cat valium activists claim that international trade damages environment, d estroys agriculture and encourages environmentally prejudicious transportation of goods. International cooperation is needed for ontogeny environmental norms and for assisting participation of developing countries. The role of international cooperation is crucial to present-day(a) world as it provides governance regimes and regulations for the global commons. Further, the author underlines the problem of global temper change, especially the challenge of global calefacient and ozone layer problem.Scientists have been long debating over the problems of ozone layer thinning and greenhouse power, but only in the end of the twentieth century international consensus started to monitor the issue. Scientists have failed to come to an agreement whether human-induced changes in mean temperatures have led to global climate changes. Vogler says that greenhouse effect negatively affect the life on the Earth because greenhouse gun for hirees are insulating the surface by trapping solar rad iation. Industrial revolution has negatively affected environmental.See, before industrial revolution the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was not more than 280 parts per million, whereas the concentration has significantly heavy(p) because of burning of fossil fuels. One more negative consequence is that methane emissions have grown exponentially with the growth of agriculture. Vogler stresses if nothing is done to curb intense fossil fuel emissions, there entrust be a apt(predicate) stick up in mean temperatures of the order of 2. 4-6. 4 grad C by 2099. (p. 361) Turbulent weather conditions and seal direct rise are expected.The results of climate change are presented as following melting glaciers, change magnitude flood risks, diminution water suppliers, declining annual crop yields, rising sea levels, increasing vulnerability of ecosystems, and so on It is argued that the warmer the world gets the faster the climate changes as higher temperatures are ass ociated with increases chances of triggering abrupt and large-scale changes. humor sequel can be avoided in case the temperature increase is held below 2 grades. Moreover, concentration of carbon dioxide should be kept below 550 ppm.Scientific lodge fears that the 21st century will be marked by curious weather patterns, melting of polar ice sheets and stormy events. If not managed, climate change will cause threatening changes in living conditions and will challenge patterns of energy use and its security. Kyoto protocol appeared to be the first meter on the long road to preventing further climate change. Kyoto protocol bound most of developed and developing countries to set emission cuts, although some scientists argue that Kyoto protocol is not wholly adequate in terms of global warming problem.The USA refused to sign the Kyoto protocol and scientists argue it is impossible to decease without the USA as the country produces more than 25% of carbon dioxide emissions. The Kyot o coffin nail may be achieved by 2012, and even this figure remains uncertain. Climate change is characterized by all-embracing nature and is claimed to be rooted in essential human activities. Climate change challenges international environment cooperation. Vogler admits that environmental scientists are interested in identifying conditions under which international environmental cooperation has emerged as a response of environmental challenges.Of course, the scientists arguments differ in their attitudes towards international environmental regime, shared out scientific knowledge and impact of non-government actors. Scientists relate environmental changes to fortify conflict stressing that traditional thinking about environmental security should be defined in terms of attacks upon the state. Vogler concludes that climate change, especially global warming and greenhouse effect, remains the most painful problem of the 21st century. The rise of environmental issues is associated wi th globalization, resource depletion, increased consumption levels, and increased greenhouse gas emissions.Globalization has contributed developing transnational green policies and intervention programs. International environment tries to reply to climate changes by establishing global environmental governance by means of international environmental cooperation. Environmental Issues Opinion I think that environmental issues raised in the paper are very important to contemporary world as environmental conditions are still deteriorating and it seems that nothing is in reality done to regulate global warming, greenhouse effect and sea level rise.When reviewing the issues, Vogler is persuasive and valid as all the arguments are supported with real-life examples, in-depth scotch analysis and Vogler cites viewpoints of respectable researchers. Thus, I can say I agree with most of authors ideas as the problem of global warming and greenhouse effect is shaking the world. Poverty rates a re increasing, income in developing and undeveloped countries is decreasing. The situation can be hardly called promising. We see the author combines theoretical research with practical application offering recommendations and strategies to respond to environmental challenges.Vogler is very persuasive in defending position that international environmental cooperation is the only possible way to develop solutions to increased poverty, global warming, greenhouse gases emissions, unusual weather patters and stormy events. I agree with the author that international cooperation will positively affect society and will take the stand that something is being done to improve the situation. tied(p) the slightest changes in the worlds temperatures will result in dangerous and abrupt changes in worlds well-being and well-being of every human.Thus, the problem of climate change should be not simply talked about it should be properly responded and addressed. I think that Voglers tendency toward s international cooperation is the only effective way to fight global crisis. As far as the crisis is transnational, only global measures should be undertaken to address them. As far as climate change is international, it requires international collective action to make measures driving and effective. In my opinion, climate change management should consider long time horizons, economic risks and uncertainties, possibilities of non-marginal changes, etc.Nowadays it is necessary to consider physical make of climate change on environment, economics and human health. Different technologies should aim at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Economic models should be involved to estimate economic effects of climate change and global warming, as well as to assess efficiency of low-carbon economics. Moreover, global warming results in sudden shifts in weather patterns and may lead to consequences which affect water availability and swamp threatening millions of people in tropical and subtro pical regions.Fighting climate change is an urgent challenge calling for building collective action. It includes shared understanding and requires promoting leadership and trusting with others in collective work. Clear opinion is needed to stabilize and to stop concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Even collective action will hardly be sufficient to meet the desired goals and objectives. Summing up, collective action is needed to reduce negative effects of climate change. Possible steps are cooperation between countries, shared goals and objectives, cooperation between private and public sectors, etc.